http://www.ijpm.info/currentissue.asp Table of Contents:Indian J Psychol Med 2009 - 31(2) Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine Medknow Publications0253-7176 MS Reddy Editorial Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):57-57doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63573 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63573 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=57;epage=57;aulast=Reddy http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=57;epage=57;aulast=Reddy312 57 57 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=57;epage=57;aulast=Reddy MS Reddy

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):57-57

]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=57;epage=57;aulast=Reddy TV Asokan Presidential Address Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):58-61doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63574 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63574 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=58;epage=61;aulast=Asokan http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=58;epage=61;aulast=Asokan312 58 61 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=58;epage=61;aulast=Asokan TV Asokan

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):58-61

]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=58;epage=61;aulast=Asokan Chaturaka Rodrigo Senaka Rajapakse Review Article Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):62-70doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63575 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63575 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=62;epage=70;aulast=Rodrigo http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=62;epage=70;aulast=Rodrigo312 62 70 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=62;epage=70;aulast=Rodrigo Chaturaka Rodrigo, Senaka Rajapakse

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):62-70

Cannabis is the most widely used illegitimate substance in the world, and the number of users has increased by 10% over the last decade worldwide. Therefore, it is important to review the evidence on psychoactive properties of cannabis and its possible association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We searched MEDLINE with the key words cannabis and schizophrenia. The search was limited to articles published in English over the last 10 years (1999-2009). Bibliographies of cited literature were also searched. Data sources included reviews published in core clinical journals, cohort studies, interventional studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional analyses and epidemiological data. Results are discussed under 2 topics. Firstly, evidence related to biochemical functioning of cannabinoids and their relationship to endocannabinoid system is discussed briefly. Secondly, the evidence from clinical studies on cannabis, psychosis proneness and SSD are discussed in detail. The discussion is structured to fit in the evidence from results section to 3 plausible hypotheses on cannabis use and SSD. The evidence for and against each hypothesis is discussed. Despite new evidence, the exact relationship between cannabis and SSD is unclear. There is no firm evidence that cannabis causes SSD. The evidence for the argument that schizophrenic patients are attracted to cannabis is also not strong. The most plausible explanation is that cannabis use and psychosis proneness may have synergistic effects in a vulnerable minority.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=62;epage=70;aulast=Rodrigo Sonali Choudhury C.R.J Khess Ranjan Bhattacharyya Debasish Sanyal Original Article Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):71-76doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63576 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63576 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=71;epage=76;aulast=Choudhury http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=71;epage=76;aulast=Choudhury312 71 76 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=71;epage=76;aulast=Choudhury Sonali Choudhury, C.R.J Khess, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Debasish Sanyal

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):71-76

Background: Lack of insight or awareness of illness is most frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia, and it influences treatment compliance. It has been hypothesized that the frontal dysfunction may explain poor insight in schizophrenia. Aim: The purposes of the study were to assess the degree of insight in schizophrenia and to examine the association, if any, between the degree of insight and executive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: In this pre-post study, 30 patients of both sexes diagnosed to have schizophrenia were assessed with the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). They were assessed once at the time of admission and then at the time of their discharge. Results: The study revealed that 70% of the subjects possessed poor awareness of mental disorder. There was significant improvement of insight over time. The degree of insight was significantly associated with the performance on WCST 2 nd assessment. WCST scores were able to explain 42% of the variance in insight. Conclusion: Majority of schizophrenic patients possess poor insight. This poor insight is significantly associated with poor executive function. Hence poor insight may have a cognitive etiology.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=71;epage=76;aulast=Choudhury Rishikesh V Behere Sunil V Kalmady Ganesan Venkatasubramanian BN Gangadhar Original Article Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):77-81doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63577 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63577 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=77;epage=81;aulast=Behere http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=77;epage=81;aulast=Behere312 77 81 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=77;epage=81;aulast=Behere Rishikesh V Behere, Sunil V Kalmady, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, BN Gangadhar

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):77-81

Background: Prefrontal cortex deficits have been consistently demonstrated in schizophrenia. The orbitofrontal lobe (OFL), a critical component of the prefrontal cortex, subserves social and neuro-cognitive functions. While these functional impairments are established in schizophrenia, the OFL volume deficits have not been well studied, especially in antipsychotic-naοve patients. Aim: To study OFL volume deficits in antipsychotic-naοve schizophrenia patients in comparison with matched healthy controls using high-resolution 3-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Fourteen antipsychotic-naοve schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV) and 14 age-, sex-, handedness- and education-matched healthy controls were scanned using 3T MRI. Psychopathology was assessed in the patient group using the scale for assessment of negative symptoms and the scale for assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS). The OFL volume was measured using Region of Interest (ROI)-based manual morphometry technique, with good inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.98). Results: Total OFL volume was significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients (43.3 ± 9.6 mL) in comparison with healthy controls (52.1 ± 12.2 mL) after controlling for the potential confounding effects of age, sex and intracranial volume (F = 5.3, P = .03). Duration of untreated psychosis did not correlate significantly with OFL volumes. There was a trend towards significant negative correlation between the left and total OFL volumes and SAPS scores (r = -0.49, P = .06). Conclusion: OFL volume deficits might underlie the pathogenesis of schizophrenia symptoms with possible neuro-developmental origins.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=77;epage=81;aulast=Behere Vijay Danivas Sunil Kalmady Rashmi Arasappa Rishikesh V Behere Naren P Rao Ganesan Venkatasubramanian BN Gangadhar Original Article Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):82-87doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63578 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63578 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=82;epage=87;aulast=Danivas http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=82;epage=87;aulast=Danivas312 82 87 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=82;epage=87;aulast=Danivas Vijay Danivas, Sunil Kalmady, Rashmi Arasappa, Rishikesh V Behere, Naren P Rao, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, BN Gangadhar

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):82-87

Background: As per Frith's neuro-cognitive model, inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms (FRS) in schizophrenia. The specific role of IPL structural abnormalities in the pathogenesis of FRS is yet to be ascertained. Materials and Methods: Using 3-tesla MRI scanner, this first-time study examined antipsychotic-naοve schizophrenia patients ( n = 28) (patients with FRS [FRS +]: N = 14, M: F = 7:7; and patients without FRS [FRS-]: N = 14, M: F = 7:7) in comparison with sex-, handedness-, education- and socioeconomic status-matched healthy controls ( n = 14, M: F = 7:7). The volume of IPL was measured using a three-dimensional, interactive, semi-automated analysis, with good inter-rater reliability. Results: FRS + patients showed significant volume deficit in right IPL in comparison with healthy controls (F = 4.0; P=.028) after controlling for the potential confounding effects of age, sex and intracranial volume. Conclusions: Right IPL volume deficit in FRS+patients adds further support to the Frith's model of FRS in schizophrenia.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=82;epage=87;aulast=Danivas VK Aravind VD Krishnaram Case Report Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):88-91doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63579 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63579 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=88;epage=91;aulast=Aravind http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=88;epage=91;aulast=Aravind312 88 91 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=88;epage=91;aulast=Aravind VK Aravind, VD Krishnaram

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):88-91

Clinicians are less sensitive in considering the diagnosis of mania in children because of the variations in clinical presentation and because of the high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. More often than the elated and expansive mood, irritability and significant aggression may be the presenting symptoms in these cases. One such case report is discussed highlighting the clinical aspects of pediatric bipolar disorder.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=88;epage=91;aulast=Aravind Ranjan Bhattacharyya Debasish Sanyal Suddhendu Chakraborty Sumita Bhattacharyya Case Report Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):92-95doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63580 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63580 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=92;epage=95;aulast=Bhattacharyya http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=92;epage=95;aulast=Bhattacharyya312 92 95 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=92;epage=95;aulast=Bhattacharyya Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Debasish Sanyal, Suddhendu Chakraborty, Sumita Bhattacharyya

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):92-95

Agenesis of corpus callosum can have various neuropsychiatric manifestations. Following case report highlights the case of a young man presenting with features of recurrent brief depressive disorder, each lasting for about 3 to 7 days, for over a year. He had history of occasional headache and episodes of swooning attack in between, usually precipitated by emotional events. His neuroimaging revealed agenesis of corpus callosum. He was experiencing swooning attacks as he became aware that some 'unusual' findings were present in his reports. Recurrent brief depression can be a manifestation of this congenital anomaly, and conversion disorder can be present as comorbid diagnosis perhaps due to ignorance and fear of this apparently innocuous congenital malformation.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=92;epage=95;aulast=Bhattacharyya Indrapal Singh Anshul K Rana Malay K Singh Rakesh K Tripathi Case Report Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):96-97doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63581 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63581 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=96;epage=97;aulast=Singh http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=96;epage=97;aulast=Singh312 96 97 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=96;epage=97;aulast=Singh Indrapal Singh, Anshul K Rana, Malay K Singh, Rakesh K Tripathi

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):96-97

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is easily recognized. However, sometimes patients of OCD present in such an atypical or bizarre way that their problem comes to notice as being a psychiatric disorder after multiple consultations in different specialties. We are reporting a case of a man who had first sought opinion in the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) for hearing impairment. He was then referred to a neurologist and a general physician for evaluation of neurological cause of his symptom. As no pathology related to ENT or neurology could be detected, he was referred to the Department of Psychiatry. The patient's chief complaints were difficulty in hearing and inability to understand at once. He could be diagnosed as a case of OCD after meticulous evaluation and studying his response to treatment. There was significant improvement in all the presenting symptoms over a period of 6 weeks on 60 mg of fluoxetine.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=96;epage=97;aulast=Singh Shahzadi Malhotra Gaurav Rajender Vibha Sharma Tej Bahadur Singh Case Report Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):98-100doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63582 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63582 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=98;epage=100;aulast=Malhotra http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=98;epage=100;aulast=Malhotra312 98 100 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=98;epage=100;aulast=Malhotra Shahzadi Malhotra, Gaurav Rajender, Vibha Sharma, Tej Bahadur Singh

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):98-100

Neurobehavioral approach uses behavioral paradigm towards comprehensive rehabilitation by identifying the neurological or neuropsychological constraints that can interfere with learning and behavior of an individual. The present case study highlights the role of functional skills approach in neurobehavioral management towards cognitive rehabilitation to manage behavioral deficits in a 55-year-old man with nicotine dependence having frontal lobe lesions owing to gliosis of fronto-temporal brain regions. Based on detailed neuropsychological and behavioral assessment, a behavioral package was made involving techniques like behavioral counseling, chaining, shaping and operant methods and was carried out with the patient daily (with the help of primary caregiver) over a period of 2 months. Results showed improvement in his self-care and decrease in behavioral problems, on 12-month follow-up.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=98;epage=100;aulast=Malhotra Parul Sharma Ravi C Sharma Ramesh Kumar Dinesh D Sharma Case Report Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):101-103doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63583 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 10.4103/0253-7176.63583 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=101;epage=103;aulast=Sharma http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=101;epage=103;aulast=Sharma312 101 103 http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=101;epage=103;aulast=Sharma Parul Sharma, Ravi C Sharma, Ramesh Kumar, Dinesh D Sharma

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2009 31(2):101-103

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder, but some of its atypical presentations are uncommon and difficult to diagnose. We report one such case which on initial presentation appeared to be psychotic protocol but after detailed workup was diagnosed as OCD with marked avoidance symptoms.]]> http://www.ijpm.info/article.asp?issn=0253-7176;year=2009;volume=31;issue=2;spage=101;epage=103;aulast=Sharma